Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
X20CrMoWV12-1 is a 12% chromium martensitic creep-resistant heat-resistant steel alloyed with molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. This datasheet presents the material within the Werkstoff-Nummer (DIN / EN) designation system.
With about 12% chromium plus molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium, 1.4935 is a stainless, heat-resistant martensitic chromium steel with good scaling and oxidation resistance and good creep strength, the latter achieved largely through the vanadium addition. It retains strength and temper resistance at elevated temperature and is hardened by quenching and tempering. It is used principally for thermal-engine components in power plants — above all steam- and gas-turbine blades — with a maximum continuous service temperature of about 580 °C.
Typical applications include steam- and gas-turbine blades and buckets, high-temperature bolting and fasteners, valves, and other elevated-temperature power-generation components.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.74 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1430–1510 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 216 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 11.0 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 24.0 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Martensitic | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 11.0 | 12.5 | Corrosion / oxidation resistance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.80 | 1.20 | Temper resistance; creep strength |
| Tungsten | W | 0.40 | 0.60 | Temper resistance; creep strength |
| Vanadium | V | 0.25 | 0.35 | Carbide formation; creep strength |
| Nickel | Ni | 0.30 | 0.80 | Toughness |
| Carbon | C | 0.17 | 0.24 | Hardness; strength |
| Manganese | Mn | 0.30 | 0.80 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | 0.10 | 0.50 | Deoxidiser |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.025 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.015 | Residual impurity |
Hardened-and-tempered (+QT) condition, per EN 10269 for W.Nr. 1.4935.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Quenched & tempered | Tensile strength (Rm) | 850–1000 MPa |
| Quenched & tempered | 0.2% proof strength (Rp0.2) | ≥685 MPa |
| Quenched & tempered | Elongation (A5) | ≥15 % |
| Quenched & tempered | Reduction of area (Z) | ≥40 % |
| Quenched & tempered | Impact energy (KV) | ≥27 J |
Values per EN 10269; creep-rupture data are given in EN 10302. Confirm against the inspection certificate (EN 10204).
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| High-temperature oxidation | Good | Good scaling resistance to ~580 °C |
| Steam | Good | Common in steam-turbine service |
| Atmospheric / general | Moderate | Better than low-alloy steels; below austenitic |
| Mild acids | Limited | Martensitic 12Cr level |
| Chloride pitting | Limited | Not for aggressive chloride service |
Corrosion and scaling resistance is typical of 12% chromium martensitic steels — adequate for steam and elevated-temperature service but below the austenitic stainless grades.
A martensitic grade; hardened by quenching and tempering for high-temperature service.
Solution Treatment (Austenitise + Quench) Austenitise at approximately 1020–1060 °C and oil quench (or air cool) to form martensite.
Temper Temper at approximately 640–720 °C to develop the required strength and temper resistance for service to about 580 °C. A double temper is often used; select the tempering temperature above the intended service temperature.
Weldable with care; the moderate carbon requires preheat (~200–300 °C), interpass control and post-weld heat treatment to avoid hard, crack-sensitive martensite.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching X20CrMoWV12-1 consumable |
| GMAW / MIG | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching consumable |
| SMAW / stick | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching electrode |
Preheat, interpass control and post-weld heat treatment are required to develop properties and avoid cracking.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Preferred condition | Annealed for machining, then harden and temper |
| Machinability | Moderate; carbide tooling for hardened material |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Limited — high strength, moderate carbon |
| Hot forming | ~1150–900 °C; harden and temper afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Power generation | Steam- and gas-turbine blades and buckets | Creep + temper resistance to ~580 °C |
| Fasteners | High-temperature bolting | Strength + temper resistance |
| Valves | High-temperature valve parts | Strength + oxidation resistance |
| Process / engine | High-heat components | Strength at temperature |
| Product Form | DIN / EN Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bar and fasteners (elevated temp.) | EN 10269 · W.Nr. 1.4935 | X20CrMoWV12-1 |
| Creep-resisting steels (data) | EN 10302 · W.Nr. 1.4935 | — |
| Bar / forgings | DIN 17240 · W.Nr. 1.4935 | — |
| Technical delivery | VdTÜV | — |
Creep-resistant 12Cr-Mo-W-V martensitic heat-resistant steel. W.Nr. 1.4935 (X20CrMoWV12-1).
| EN Symbol | Cr % | Mo % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X20CrMoWV12-1 | 11–12.5 | 0.8–1.2 | W, V, Ni | 12Cr-Mo-W-V creep martensitic; turbine blades to ~580 °C |
| X12Cr13 | 11.5–13.5 | — | — | General martensitic 12Cr (410) |
| X20Cr13 | 12–14 | — | — | Higher-carbon martensitic 13Cr (420) |
| X20CrMoV11-1 | 11–12.5 | 0.80–1.20 | V, Nb | 12Cr creep steel |
| X22CrMoV12-1 | 11–12.5 | 0.80–1.20 | V, Ni | 12Cr-Mo-V turbine-blade martensitic |
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